I'm convinced it was left vague on purpose.

A recurring theme in the show is to hint at potential plot points in the future, while leaving the possibility open that it is just ignored.  Dan Harmon has stated before that they don't really plan out the future details well in advance.  They leave multiple different options open until the time comes to use a plot point.  Then it becomes canon.

They _want us_ to question if Beth is real or a clone going forward.  That said, if Beth _is_ a clone, I don't think we will find out for sure until there is a good reason to reveal that information.  They now have another back-pocket dues ex machina where "real" Beth can always come out of nowhere and change any situation.

Rick also makes it pretty clear that the audience wont really be able to tell either.  He says "Either way, you chill the f** out" (or something like that); meaning we can't definitively say Beth's new behaviour is from cloning or just a new outlook.

The ambiguity is essentially confirmed to be on purpose around 1:30 in this video from the writers/creators: 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yIOgdh1_UI
(it's an adultswim link, might be region locked, I'm not sure, let me know if if it is).

Also in Season 3 episode 10 

>! Beth has to question this for herself, and it leads to the secondary plot in the episode.

**Season 4 Update**: It seems that as of season 4 episode 10, we can now give this as definitive of an answer as you can get.

Season 4 Episode 10 Spoilers:

>! The episode starts off with a _very_ different looking Beth in space, doing very Rick-like things.  At first it seems obvious that Beth cloned herself and left.  As the episode progresses, this becomes less clear; since the Space-Beth appears to have a bomb in her neck which will explode if she comes back to Earth.  The episode leads to both Space-Beth and Earth-Beth questioning if they are the clone or not.  Rick gives very unhelpful answers all episode.

At the end of the episode, we find out that:

>! **even Rick doesn't know which is real**.  Not only did he erase his own memory of what happened in a [Morty's Mind Blowers](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5218350/) way.  When he goes back to the memory, it is revealed that Beth asked _Rick_ to choose what she does.  Rick then made a clone of her, _and shuffled the choices in a way so even he didn't know which was which_.

So as of Season 4 Episode 10, it is now established in canon that:

>! We literally cannot know if that Beth was a clone or not; but we know there is a clone of Beth.  We just can't be sure which of the two it is.