Audio commentary on the film's Special-Edition DVD release states that they were originally intended to be North Korean.

This source states, that they were meant to be North Korean, but no information was actually included in the movie.

The movie takes place in 1986, while there was no Russia yet, only the Soviet Union and other communistic states. Also, Mig-28 is not a real plane, but an American Northrop F-5 painted black.

There is also no way to determine which countries used such planes in real life. However, a similar plane - Mig-29, which has been in production during 1986, was or still is, operated by about 30 countries.

Audio commentary on the film's Special-Edition DVD release states that they were originally intended to be North Korean.

This source states that they were meant to be North Korean, but no information was actually included in the movie.

The movie takes place in 1986, while Russia was not an independent state yet, only the Soviet Union and other communistic states. Also, the MiG-28 is not a real plane, but an American Northrop F-5 painted black.

There is also no way to determine which countries used such planes in real life. However, a similar plane - MiG-29, which has been in production during 1986, was or still is, operated by about 30 countries.